Lahcen
07/03/2004, 12h16
AKUD (Le temps)
Khalid Ibnouzahir ITRI
]Akud d adasil n kigan n tgh°edwin timessunin, maca immera ad t-nesbadu. Akud iga am asettum, zegmay la ibettû tighawsiwin negh d imsaren. Di may-ad, akud iga am kra n useggiw wiss kkûz. Imil, ur nezmer ad t-nesghel s usrid. Nezmer ad ka nedkêd adriz-is xef twennadt-engh.
Akud ur la itemneddu ghas di yat temnidt. Meqqar la t-nesghal amzun ittâf yan wanya imezgi n umendu, akud la itteyuman amzun la itemneddu s mennaw irurden inemmezrayen. D tamîdrant n Wakud Unmas.
ASEQQUL N WAKUD
Asanêd n wakal xef tfukt d taglift. Igh tt-nannay zi wakal, tafukt la tettuman amzun la tettergaz s mennaw irurden inemmezrayen. Akud nna teskar tfukt afad " tennêd yat tunûdt g igenna " iga adasil i kigan n inagrawen n useqqul n wakud. May-an a xef itteyusselken yan ururd alemmas n uragaz, igan arurd nna iqqan-d ad tettâf tfukt mra iga umussu-s asurad.
" ASS " d akud nna iskar wakal afad innêd yat tunûdt xef ugum-is. Llan sin iseqqulen n wass:
- Ass anitri: d akud nna iskar kra n itri bahra yaggugn afad izri dagh g ughrawal n udghar n wannay. Akud-ad yugda 23 mr 56 sd 4 sn (mr=timirt; sd=tusdidt; sn=tasint).
- Ass anitîj: d akud nna teskar tfukt afad tezri dagh g ughrawal. Zegmay akal la itennêd xef tfukt, ass anitîj ighezzif xef wass anitri. Yugda 24 timirin.
http://iquebec.ifrance.com/tunaruz/tussena/ighezwer/akud.jpgAk°milmi innêd wakal yat tunûdt xef iman-is s timmaseght (relativement) i itran imaggugen di 23 mr 56 sd 4 sn - Ass Anitri -, la ittergaz s usettum A. Maca, iqqan-d a irgez sul s usettum B i wakken ad tili dagh tfukt g ughrawal n udghar n wannay. Asettum A+B la ittegensis (représente) Ass Anitîj Alemmas.
" ASEGG°AS " d akud nna iskar wakal afad innêd yat tunûdt xef tfukt. Yugda 365 ss 6 mr 9 sd 10 sn (ss=ass): d Asegg°as Anitri. Maca, iqqan-d ad t-nesdaddet, acku agum n unûd n wakal xef iman-is la itehlullu s imik: d Attas. Agum-ad la ittenic, ass-a, g itri amernu illan di tesmilt n Awra (negh d Tabubbâzt Tamêzyant). Sseya mraw wafdân isegg°asen, agum-ad ra inic g itri Viga illan di tesmilt n Ardin. Deffir usdaddet n udriz n wattas, la nettafa yan useqqul n usegg°as yugdan 365 ss 5 mr 48 sd 46 sn: d Asegg°as Imecni. Wad a igan adasil n tfadiwin.
Tayant n wakud n Unagraw Agraghlan SI (Système International) d Tasint. Tabadut tamezwarut n tasint tekka-t-in tga 1/86 400 n wass anitîj alemmas. Zi 1967, tasint tugda 9 192 631 770 illusen n tesmammayt n uzzenzêr azâradkiran n ubelkim n Sizyum 133.
Timirt GMT d timirt tadigant itteyusgheln di Greenwich, g Ingliz. Timirt GMT d asaghul agraghlan n wakud.
TIFADIWIN
Immera a tettuyeskar tafada, acku akal la iskar 365,2422 ss afad innêd yat tunûdt xef tfukt. May-ad af issuter Yulyus Cizar i umusnaw amîsri n ûzyar Suzigin n Aliksandriya ad isiggel kra n ufsay i tmukrist-ad. Inzêd Suzijin afad ig usegg°as 46 dt.à (dat Àisa) win usemdu, yili gis 455 ss. Itteyurgez asenti n usegg°as zi 1ru Maghres gher 1ru Yennayr, d itteyuselken usegg°as di 356,25 ss: d Asegg°as Amanâz. Iwda ilemma ad nrennu yan wass g ixf n kaygat kkûz isegg°asen afad nefsi tamukrist n " 0,25 ss ". Maca, Susujin innezrey: ikka-t-in la irennu yan wass g ixf n krâd isegg°asen.
G usegg°as 8 dt.à, isdaddet ugellid Ugustus (63 dt.à - 14 df.à) annezri-ad. Issenti ilemma la irennu yan wass g ixf n kkûz isegg°asen. Meqqar may-an, ighama sul unnezri, acku asegg°as illa gis, di tidt, 365,2422 ss ur d 365,25. Tamêzla ger sin wazalen-ad (0,0078 ss) temmentel yan umgagar n 11 sd g usegg°as. Amgagar-ad ilkem mraw ussan g usenti n tmidî tsXIV. Di 1582, Baba Grigwar wsXIII isdaddet amgagar; inzêd afad izri wayyur Ktuber s usrid zi 4 gher 15, d afad tteyakkasen krâd ussan kaygat kkûzt timmâd isegg°asen. May-ad a xef ur gin isegg°asen 1700, 1800 d 1900 imanâzen, maca asegg°as 2000 rad t-ig. Amgagar ur igi sul ghas 0,0003 ss (dat, ikka-t-in iga 0,0078 ss), acku tafada tagrigurt la takka i usegg°as yan wazal alemmas yugdan 365,2425 ss. Ass-a, tafada tagrigurt tewda; ur nusir ad t-nesdaddet g imal.
Tafada tamazight tga am tafada tagrigurt. 1ru Yennayr n usgg°eas amazigh izdi d 14 Yennayr agrigur. Asegg°as ahijri la gi-s ttilin 354 negh 355 ss. Asegg°as aàibri yugda zi 353 ar 385 ss.
IZMAZ D ISRAGEN
Izmaz d amass amezwaru n useqqul n wakud. Illa g Iminig-Alemmas zi 3500 dt.à. Medden ssuggan awd, di tizwuri, isragen n igidu, tinirin turdisin d tanasin. Isragen imikaniken itbu isuzzân jgugelnin umanen di tmidî tsXIV.
Di tmidî tsXVI, umanen isragen imikaniken itbu usêdru. Amusnaw ahulandî n tusnagama Christiaan HUYGENS (1629 - 1695) isseghna asrag amezwaru bu ughudid di wammas n tmidî tsXVII. Attayn 1840, yuman asrag âzruran.
Di 1929, itteyusseghna usrag n kwartez issuggun amenzay n tesmammayt n yat tfilt n tmecci yunzen i yan uftagh âzruran. Asrag-ad ilugn atâs: ur la ineffel ghas s yat tusdidt di mraw isegg°asen (1/31 557 600). Di 1948, yuman ughudid abelkam ittefullun xef tilugna n tesmammayin tigamanin n ibelkimen. Ighudiden ibelkamen itbu trebbawt tameqrant la neffelen s ddaw n yat tusdidt di 1,7 imilyunen n isegg°asen (1/53 647 920 000 000).
source: http://iquebec.ifrance.com/tunaruz/
Khalid Ibnouzahir ITRI
]Akud d adasil n kigan n tgh°edwin timessunin, maca immera ad t-nesbadu. Akud iga am asettum, zegmay la ibettû tighawsiwin negh d imsaren. Di may-ad, akud iga am kra n useggiw wiss kkûz. Imil, ur nezmer ad t-nesghel s usrid. Nezmer ad ka nedkêd adriz-is xef twennadt-engh.
Akud ur la itemneddu ghas di yat temnidt. Meqqar la t-nesghal amzun ittâf yan wanya imezgi n umendu, akud la itteyuman amzun la itemneddu s mennaw irurden inemmezrayen. D tamîdrant n Wakud Unmas.
ASEQQUL N WAKUD
Asanêd n wakal xef tfukt d taglift. Igh tt-nannay zi wakal, tafukt la tettuman amzun la tettergaz s mennaw irurden inemmezrayen. Akud nna teskar tfukt afad " tennêd yat tunûdt g igenna " iga adasil i kigan n inagrawen n useqqul n wakud. May-an a xef itteyusselken yan ururd alemmas n uragaz, igan arurd nna iqqan-d ad tettâf tfukt mra iga umussu-s asurad.
" ASS " d akud nna iskar wakal afad innêd yat tunûdt xef ugum-is. Llan sin iseqqulen n wass:
- Ass anitri: d akud nna iskar kra n itri bahra yaggugn afad izri dagh g ughrawal n udghar n wannay. Akud-ad yugda 23 mr 56 sd 4 sn (mr=timirt; sd=tusdidt; sn=tasint).
- Ass anitîj: d akud nna teskar tfukt afad tezri dagh g ughrawal. Zegmay akal la itennêd xef tfukt, ass anitîj ighezzif xef wass anitri. Yugda 24 timirin.
http://iquebec.ifrance.com/tunaruz/tussena/ighezwer/akud.jpgAk°milmi innêd wakal yat tunûdt xef iman-is s timmaseght (relativement) i itran imaggugen di 23 mr 56 sd 4 sn - Ass Anitri -, la ittergaz s usettum A. Maca, iqqan-d a irgez sul s usettum B i wakken ad tili dagh tfukt g ughrawal n udghar n wannay. Asettum A+B la ittegensis (représente) Ass Anitîj Alemmas.
" ASEGG°AS " d akud nna iskar wakal afad innêd yat tunûdt xef tfukt. Yugda 365 ss 6 mr 9 sd 10 sn (ss=ass): d Asegg°as Anitri. Maca, iqqan-d ad t-nesdaddet, acku agum n unûd n wakal xef iman-is la itehlullu s imik: d Attas. Agum-ad la ittenic, ass-a, g itri amernu illan di tesmilt n Awra (negh d Tabubbâzt Tamêzyant). Sseya mraw wafdân isegg°asen, agum-ad ra inic g itri Viga illan di tesmilt n Ardin. Deffir usdaddet n udriz n wattas, la nettafa yan useqqul n usegg°as yugdan 365 ss 5 mr 48 sd 46 sn: d Asegg°as Imecni. Wad a igan adasil n tfadiwin.
Tayant n wakud n Unagraw Agraghlan SI (Système International) d Tasint. Tabadut tamezwarut n tasint tekka-t-in tga 1/86 400 n wass anitîj alemmas. Zi 1967, tasint tugda 9 192 631 770 illusen n tesmammayt n uzzenzêr azâradkiran n ubelkim n Sizyum 133.
Timirt GMT d timirt tadigant itteyusgheln di Greenwich, g Ingliz. Timirt GMT d asaghul agraghlan n wakud.
TIFADIWIN
Immera a tettuyeskar tafada, acku akal la iskar 365,2422 ss afad innêd yat tunûdt xef tfukt. May-ad af issuter Yulyus Cizar i umusnaw amîsri n ûzyar Suzigin n Aliksandriya ad isiggel kra n ufsay i tmukrist-ad. Inzêd Suzijin afad ig usegg°as 46 dt.à (dat Àisa) win usemdu, yili gis 455 ss. Itteyurgez asenti n usegg°as zi 1ru Maghres gher 1ru Yennayr, d itteyuselken usegg°as di 356,25 ss: d Asegg°as Amanâz. Iwda ilemma ad nrennu yan wass g ixf n kaygat kkûz isegg°asen afad nefsi tamukrist n " 0,25 ss ". Maca, Susujin innezrey: ikka-t-in la irennu yan wass g ixf n krâd isegg°asen.
G usegg°as 8 dt.à, isdaddet ugellid Ugustus (63 dt.à - 14 df.à) annezri-ad. Issenti ilemma la irennu yan wass g ixf n kkûz isegg°asen. Meqqar may-an, ighama sul unnezri, acku asegg°as illa gis, di tidt, 365,2422 ss ur d 365,25. Tamêzla ger sin wazalen-ad (0,0078 ss) temmentel yan umgagar n 11 sd g usegg°as. Amgagar-ad ilkem mraw ussan g usenti n tmidî tsXIV. Di 1582, Baba Grigwar wsXIII isdaddet amgagar; inzêd afad izri wayyur Ktuber s usrid zi 4 gher 15, d afad tteyakkasen krâd ussan kaygat kkûzt timmâd isegg°asen. May-ad a xef ur gin isegg°asen 1700, 1800 d 1900 imanâzen, maca asegg°as 2000 rad t-ig. Amgagar ur igi sul ghas 0,0003 ss (dat, ikka-t-in iga 0,0078 ss), acku tafada tagrigurt la takka i usegg°as yan wazal alemmas yugdan 365,2425 ss. Ass-a, tafada tagrigurt tewda; ur nusir ad t-nesdaddet g imal.
Tafada tamazight tga am tafada tagrigurt. 1ru Yennayr n usgg°eas amazigh izdi d 14 Yennayr agrigur. Asegg°as ahijri la gi-s ttilin 354 negh 355 ss. Asegg°as aàibri yugda zi 353 ar 385 ss.
IZMAZ D ISRAGEN
Izmaz d amass amezwaru n useqqul n wakud. Illa g Iminig-Alemmas zi 3500 dt.à. Medden ssuggan awd, di tizwuri, isragen n igidu, tinirin turdisin d tanasin. Isragen imikaniken itbu isuzzân jgugelnin umanen di tmidî tsXIV.
Di tmidî tsXVI, umanen isragen imikaniken itbu usêdru. Amusnaw ahulandî n tusnagama Christiaan HUYGENS (1629 - 1695) isseghna asrag amezwaru bu ughudid di wammas n tmidî tsXVII. Attayn 1840, yuman asrag âzruran.
Di 1929, itteyusseghna usrag n kwartez issuggun amenzay n tesmammayt n yat tfilt n tmecci yunzen i yan uftagh âzruran. Asrag-ad ilugn atâs: ur la ineffel ghas s yat tusdidt di mraw isegg°asen (1/31 557 600). Di 1948, yuman ughudid abelkam ittefullun xef tilugna n tesmammayin tigamanin n ibelkimen. Ighudiden ibelkamen itbu trebbawt tameqrant la neffelen s ddaw n yat tusdidt di 1,7 imilyunen n isegg°asen (1/53 647 920 000 000).
source: http://iquebec.ifrance.com/tunaruz/